Parenteral Nutrition for Patients with Gastrointestinal Dysfunction

Andrew Briend

doi:10.36648/ipctn.9.3.62

Parenteral Nutrition for Patients with Gastrointestinal Dysfunction

Andrew Briend

Department of Dietetics, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland

Published Date: 2024-06-27
DOI10.36648/ipctn.9.3.62

Andrew Briend^*

Department of Dietetics, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland

*Corresponding Author:: Andrew Briend
Department of Dietetics, Tampere University, Tampere,
Finland,
E-mail: andre.briend@gmail.com

Received date: May 27, 2024, Manuscript No. IPCTN-24-19216; Editor assigned date: May 30, 2024, PreQC No. IPCTN-24-19216 (PQ); Reviewed date: June 13, 2024, QC No. IPCTN-24-19216; Revised date: June 20, 2024, Manuscript No. IPCTN-24-19216 (R); Published date: June 27, 2024, DOI: 10.36648/ipctn.9.3.62

Citation: Briend A (2024) Parenteral Nutrition for Patients with Gastrointestinal Dysfunction. J Nutraceuticals Food Sci Vol.9 No.3: 62.

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Description

Parenteral Nutrition (PN) is a critical medical intervention that provides nutritional support to patients who cannot meet their nutritional needs through oral or enteral routes. This method involves the intravenous administration of nutrients, counting sugars, proteins, fats, nutrients and minerals, straightforwardly into the circulation system. PN is particularly essential for patients with severe gastrointestinal disorders, such as Crohn's disease, short bowel syndrome or bowel obstruction, where normal digestion and absorption are compromised.

Indications and applications

PN is indicated for patients with non-functional or inaccessible gastrointestinal tracts, severe malabsorption and required conditions. It is commonly used in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) for critically ill patients who are unable to eat for extended periods. Additionally, PN supports patients undergoing chemotherapy, radiation therapy or major surgeries that impair gastrointestinal function. According to recent guidelines, the decision to initiate PN should be based on a comprehensive nutritional assessment and individualized patient needs [1-3]. Early initiation of PN, within 24 to 48 hours of ICU admission, is recommended for critically ill patients with contraindications to Enteral Nutrition (EN). Parenteral nutrition remains a vital intervention for patients with severe gastrointestinal dysfunction or other conditions precluding enteral feeding. While it offers significant benefits, careful management is required to prevent complications. Advances in PN formulations and personalized nutrition are enhancing the safety and efficacy of this therapy. Ongoing research and clinical practice guidelines continue to refine the use of PN, aiming to improve patient outcomes and quality of life [4].

Immune function

Typically provided as glucose, carbohydrates supply the primary source of energy. Administered as amino acids, proteins support tissue repair and immune function. Provided as lipid emulsions, fats serve as a dense energy source and help prevent essential fatty acid deficiency. These are essential for metabolic processes and overall health. The composition of PN solutions must be carefully balanced to prevent complications such as hyperglycemia, electrolyte imbalances and liver dysfunction. Central Venous Catheter (CVC)-related infections are a significant risk, necessitating strict aseptic techniques and regular monitoring. Hyperglycemia, electrolyte imbalances and liver dysfunction are common metabolic issues that require vigilant monitoring and adjustment of the PN formulation. This potentially fatal condition can occur when initiating PN in severely malnourished patients, characterized by rapid shifts in electrolytes. Gradual introduction and close monitoring of nutrient administration are to prevent this syndrome. Recent advancements in PN have focused on improving safety and efficacy. The development of All-In-One (AIO) PN solutions, which combine all nutrients in a single bag, has simplified administration and reduced the risk of contamination. Additionally, the use of lipid emulsions containing omega-3 fatty acids has shown promise in reducing inflammation and improving clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. The role of personalized nutrition is gaining recognition, with research emphasizing the importance of tailoring PN formulations based on individual metabolic and genetic profiles. This approach aims to optimize nutritional support and minimize complications [5,6]. The use of PN, particularly in chronic or palliative care settings, raises important ethical considerations. Decisions regarding the initiation or discontinuation of PN should involve a multidisciplinary team and take into account the patient's prognosis, quality of life and personal preferences. Effective communication with patients and their families is essential to ensure informed decision-making and compassionate care [7-10].