Abstract
Effects of resveratrol, taurine, vitamin A and selenium-based supplementation on residual depressive symptoms in patients with partial response to SSRI-SNRI
Background: Thyroid hormones, particularly free triiodothyronine (FT3), play a crucial role at both cerebral and systemic levels. The association between inflammation and depression has long been recognized, as well as the contribution of inflammatory processes to the onset and persistence of depressive symptoms. Hepatic type 1 deiodinase (DIO1), a key enzyme regulating thyroid hormone activation, is inhibited under inflammatory conditions. A nutraceutical formulation containing resveratrol, taurine, vitamin A and selenium has therefore been developed to enhance DIO1 expression, improve peripheral FT3 availability and potentially support mood regulation.
Methods and Findings: Twenty patients (mean age 59 years) in partial remission under antidepressant therapy were enrolled. Resveratrol (200 mg), taurine (100 mg), vitamin A (400 μg) and selenium (50 μg) were added to the ongoing therapeutic regimen (SSRI treatment for at least 2 months). Clinical assessments were performed at baseline and after 1 month using the following scales: the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRS), the Clinical Global Impression (CGI), the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the Dosage Record and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (DOTES).
After 1 month of treatment with resveratrol, taurine, vitamin A and selenium, 55% of patients showed clinical improvement according to the CGI scale (p<0.05), with a mean reduction of 4.2 ±3.38 (SD) points on the HRS (p<0.05). Statistically significant improvements were mainly observed in quality of life, as assessed by the SF-36, across several domains (>5-point increase; p<0.05), including physical functioning, vitality/energy, role limitations due to emotional problems, social functioning and general health perception. No dropouts or adverse events were reported according to the DOTES scale.
Conclusions: The addition of resveratrol, taurine, vitamin A and selenium to standard antidepressant therapy (SSRIs) in patients with partially responsive depression was associated with clinical improvement and enhanced quality of life. The findings suggest a potential role of nutraceutical formulation with resveratrol, taurine, vitamin A and selenium as add-on strategy in the treatment of depression possibly mediated by modulation of thyroid hormone metabolism.
Author(s): Giuseppe Ceraudo*,Patrizia Maritato, Pietro Scarpellini, Luca Tomisti, Chiara Sardella, Giuseppe Pasqualetti and Fotios Loupakis
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